2017). 4.2.4. storm. Although the cannabinoid system has many mechanisms to provide certain benefits in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, research in Garcinone C this field is needed for a better understanding of the cannabinoid impact in this situation. was developed for the Ebola virus and it disrupts the viral RNA transcription (Song et?al. 2020). Remdesivir was confirmed efficient against SARS-CoV-2 during and animal model studies (Song et?al. 2020). It is a well-tolerated agent, leading to few adverse reactions such as nausea, hypotension, liver enzyme elevation (Song et?al. 2020). Although it can improve oxygenation and reduce the overall recovery time, the mortality rate is not significantly reduced with the remdesivir treatment, according to Song Y et?al. (Song et?al. 2020). is usually a protease inhibitor developed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Song et?al. 2020). The issue of lopinavir is the impaired pharmacodynamics of the drug to achieve an efficient plasma concentration (Song et?al. 2020). The role of ritonavir is usually to inhibit cytochrome P450 4?A to increase the plasma concentration of lopinavir (Song et?al. 2020). It showed a cytopathic effect on SARS-CoV during studies (Song et?al. 2020). When used during the SARS virus, it reduced the mortality rate (Song et?al. 2020). A clinical trial on COVID-19 did not show any significant difference regarding mortality or clinical improvement (Song et?al. 2020). is effective against multiple RNA viruses due to the interference with Garcinone C the RNA polymerase and viral-specific protein synthesis (Song et?al. 2020). Apart from promising results during studies, a clinical trial on COVID-19 on 127 patients where ribavirin was associated with lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon, showed a shorter time to negative RT-PCR test and a faster clinical improvement (Song et?al. 2020). Considering the associated treatments, it is impossible to conclude that ribavirin was responsible for the beneficial effects. also inhibits RNA polymerase and viral protein synthesis (Vijayvargiya et?al. 2020). Although favipiravir could reach higher concentrations compared to remdesivir, the lack of clinical trials limits its use in Garcinone C the COVID-19 patients (Vijayvargiya et?al. 2020). enhances RNA lysis and transcription (Song et?al. 2020). In the case of the SARS outbreak, clinical studies showed faster recovery and shorter intubation time, mainly when associated with corticosteroids (Song et?al. 2020). Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, interferon use is limited due to variable pharmacokinetics during the nebulization, high risk of contamination with aerosols, and lack of clinical results. is only limited to several markets around the world (Song et?al. 2020). Although considered inefficient when used alone, in association with lopinavir/ritonavir it showed a lung injury improvement and a faster viral clearance (Song et?al. 2020). More well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm the impact of umifenovir on COVID-19. 3.2. Corticosteroids These anti-inflammatory drugs are used in a wide range of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancers, or septic shock (Song et?al. 2020). Corticosteroids have been used in most intensive care unit patients (Song et?al. 2020). The current use of corticosteroids to limit the injury produced by the cytokine storm is controversial due to the lack of well-designed clinical trials (29). 3.3. Immunoglobulins The immunoglobulins enhance the hosts immune system and CD69 are administered intravenously (Song et?al. 2020). Currently, there is a lack of clinical trials to support the positive effect of immunoglobulins around the coronaviruses, despite some promising results during animal model experiments (Song et?al. 2020). 3.4. Antimalarials and are antimalarial drugs acting as antivirals by inhibiting the endosome mediated viral entry and the viral fusion to the cell membrane (Song et?al. 2020; Vijayvargiya et?al. 2020). It is also supposed to decrease ACE-2s affinity for SARS-CoV-2 (Vijayvargiya et?al. 2020). These drugs can be poorly tolerated due to their adverse reactions (Song et?al. 2020). During studies, both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine showed a good antiviral effect (Song et?al. 2020). There Garcinone C are conflicting results between clinical trials around the antimalarials effects on COVID-19 (Song et?al. 2020; Vijayvargiya et?al. 2020). 3.5. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors is usually approved in case of cytokine release syndrome, which also occurs in COVID-19 patients, leading to severe complications (Song et?al. 2020). The current clinical trials showed a beneficial.